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<title>SQL Relay - Getting Started With MySQL</title>
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<span class="heading1">Getting Started With MySQL</span><br>

<ul>
<li><a href="#installation">Installation</a></li>
<ul>
<li><a href="#rpm">RPM-based Linux</a></li>
<li><a href="#debian">Debian Linux</a></li>
<li><a href="#slackware">Slackware Linux</a></li>
<li><a href="#freebsd">FreeBSD</a></li>
<li><a href="#openbsd">OpenBSD</a></li>
<li><a href="#netbsd">NetBSD</a></li>
<li><a href="#openserver">SCO OpenServer</a></li>
<li><a href="#solaris">Solaris</a></li>
<li><a href="#source">Compiling From Source</a></li>
<li><a href="#startingatboot">Starting the Database at Boot Time</a></li>
</ul>
<li><a href="#creating">Creating a Database</a></li>
<li><a href="#accessing">Accessing a Database</a></li>
<li><a href="#sqlrelay">Accessing a Database With SQL Relay</a></li>
<li><a href="#quirks">MySQL Quirks</a></li>
</ul>

<a name="installation"></a>
<span class="heading1">Installation</span><br>

<p>I've sucessfully installed MySQL on Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, SCO 
OpenServer and Solaris.</p>

<p>FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD and most Linux distributions come with MySQL 
and give you the option of installing it when you install the rest of the 
system.  If you want or need to install it afterward, follow the instructions 
below.</p>

<a name="rpm"></a>
<span class="heading2">RPM-based Linux</span><br>

<p>To install MySQL on an RPM-based Linux distribution like RedHat, 
Mandrake or TurboLinux, acquire the mysql, mysql-server and mysql-devel
RPMS from <a href="http://rpmfind.net">RPMFind</a> or possibly from the CD's 
that came with your distribution and install them using <i>rpm -i</i>.</p>

<a name="debian"></a>
<span class="heading2">Debian Linux</span><br>

<p>If you have configured <i>apt</i> as illustrated in 
<a href="http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/apt-howto/index.en.html">the 
APT-HOWTO</a>, run <i>apt-get install mysql-server</i> and <i>apt-get install 
libmysqlclientclient6-dev</i>.  If your distribution came with MySQL, you may 
be promted to enter a CD.  If not, it will be downloaded from the internet.  
When the commands complete, MySQL will be installed.  MySQL packages don't 
appear to be available for older Debian releases, so for those releases, I've 
always compiled it from source.  Alternatively, you can download a binary 
distribution in tar.gz format from 
<a href="http://www.mysql.com/downloads">the MySQL site</a>.</p>

<a name="slackware"></a>
<span class="heading2">Slackware Linux</span><br>

<p>The mysql package is available from 
<a href="ftp://ftp.slackware.com">ftp.slackware.com</a>.  You can install it using <i>installpkg</i>.</p>

<a name="freebsd"></a>
<span class="heading2">FreeBSD</span><br>

<p>If you have an internet connection, run <i>pkg_add -r mysql</i>.
When the command completes, MySQL will be installed.  You can also install
MySQL from the Ports CD(s) that came with your distribution using 
<i>/stand/sysinstall</i>.</p>

<a name="openbsd"></a>
<span class="heading2">OpenBSD</span><br>

<p>The mysql-client and mysql-server packages are available from 
<a href="ftp://ftp.openbsd.org">ftp.openbsd.org</a> or on CD's that came with
your distribution. You can install them using <i>pkg_add</i>.</p>

<a name="netbsd"></a>
<span class="heading2">NetBSD</span><br>

<p>The mysql-client and mysql-server packages are available from 
<a href="ftp://ftp.netbsd.org">ftp.netbsd.org</a> or on CD's that came with
your distribution. You can install them using <i>pkg_add</i>.</p>

<a name="openserver"></a>
<span class="heading2">SCO OpenServer</span><br>

<p>For SCO OpenServer, MySQL packages are available from the 
<a href="ftp://ftp2.caldera.com/pub/skunkware/osr5/vols">Skunkware ftp 
server</a>.  SCO OpenServer 
packages are often called VOL's because they come as a set of files named 
VOL.000.000, VOL.000.001, etc.  These VOLS can be installed using the Software 
Manager (custom).</p>

<a name="solaris"></a>
<span class="heading2">Solaris</span><br>

<p>The Solaris Companion CD provides MySQL and its downloadable in package
form from many web sites including 
<a href="http://www.mysql.com/downloads/os-solaris.html">the MySQL site</a>.
You can use <i>pkgtool</i> to install the package.  Note, that with some
versions of Solaris and some versions of MySQL, you have to create a "wheel"
group before installing the MySQL package.  You can do this (as root) using
the command: <i>/usr/sbin/groupadd wheel</i></p>

<a name="source"></a>
<span class="heading2">Compiling From Source</span><br>

<p>If you want to compile MySQL from source, it should compile cleanly on all
of the platforms mentioned above.  The source code is available from 
<a href="http://www.mysql.com">the MySQL site</a>.  With older versions of 
MySQL, I've run out of memory while compiling on machines with less than 64 
meg.  I don't believe that this is still a problem though.  I usually give the 
<i>configure</i> script the <i>--prefix=/usr/local/mysql</i> parameter so that 
MySQL will be installed entirely under /usr/local/mysql.  I then add 
/usr/local/mysql/bin to my PATH environment variable and 
/usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql to my LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable.</p>

<a name="startingatboot"></a>
<span class="heading2">Starting the Database at Boot Time</span><br>

<p>The package distributions of MySQL install a script which starts the 
database at boot time.  If you compiled from source, you'll need to install a 
script like one of the following to start the database at boot time.</p>

<p>If you are using MySQL 4 or 5:</p>

<blockquote>
<PRE>
<FONT color=#0000ff>#!/bin/sh</FONT>

<B><FONT color=#a62828>case</FONT></B> &quot;$1&quot; <B><FONT color=#a62828>in</FONT></B>
        start<B><FONT color=#a62828>)</FONT></B>
                <B><FONT color=#a62828>if</FONT></B> <B><FONT color=#a62828>(</FONT></B> <B><FONT color=#a62828>test</FONT></B> <B><FONT color=#a62828>!</FONT></B> <B><FONT color=#a62828>-d</FONT></B> <B><FONT color=#a62828>&quot;</FONT></B><FONT color=#ff00ff>/usr/local/mysql/var</FONT><B><FONT color=#a62828>&quot;</FONT></B> <B><FONT color=#a62828>)</FONT></B><B><FONT color=#a62828>;</FONT></B> <B><FONT color=#a62828>then</FONT></B>
                        mkdir <font color="#6b59ce">-p</font> /usr/local/mysql/var/mysql
                <B><FONT color=#a62828>fi</FONT></B>
                <B><FONT color=#a62828>if</FONT></B> <B><FONT color=#a62828>(</FONT></B> <B><FONT color=#a62828>test</FONT></B> <B><FONT color=#a62828>!</FONT></B> <B><FONT color=#a62828>-d</FONT></B> <B><FONT color=#a62828>&quot;</FONT></B><FONT color=#ff00ff>/usr/local/mysql/var/log</FONT><B><FONT color=#a62828>&quot;</FONT></B> <B><FONT color=#a62828>)</FONT></B><B><FONT color=#a62828>;</FONT></B> <B><FONT color=#a62828>then</FONT></B>
                        mkdir <font color="#6b59ce">-p</font> /usr/local/mysql/var/log
                <B><FONT color=#a62828>fi</FONT></B>
                <B><FONT color=#a62828>if</FONT></B> <B><FONT color=#a62828>(</FONT></B> <B><FONT color=#a62828>test</FONT></B> <B><FONT color=#a62828>!</FONT></B> <B><FONT color=#a62828>-d</FONT></B> <B><FONT color=#a62828>&quot;</FONT></B><FONT color=#ff00ff>/usr/local/mysql/var/mysql</FONT><B><FONT color=#a62828>&quot;</FONT></B> <B><FONT color=#a62828>)</FONT></B><B><FONT color=#a62828>;</FONT></B> <B><FONT color=#a62828>then</FONT></B>
                        /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db <font color="#6b59ce">--datadir=/usr/local/mysql/var</font>
                <B><FONT color=#a62828>fi</FONT></B>
                chown <B><FONT color=#a62828>-R</FONT></B> mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/var
                <B><FONT color=#a62828>chmod</FONT></B> <FONT color=#ff00ff>0755</FONT> /usr/local/mysql/var
                <B><FONT color=#a62828>chmod</FONT></B> <FONT color=#ff00ff>0755</FONT> /usr/local/mysql/var/log
		/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe <font color="#6b59ce">--datadir=/usr/local/mysql/var</font> <font color="#6b59ce">--err-log=/usr/local/mysql/var/log/mysqld.log</font> <font color="#6b59ce">--log=/usr/local/mysql/var/log/mysqld.log</font> <font color="#6b59ce">--socket=/tmp/mysql.sock</font>
                <B><FONT color=#a62828>;;</FONT></B>
        stop<B><FONT color=#a62828>)</FONT></B>
                <B><FONT color=#a62828>kill</FONT></B> <FONT color=#6959cf>`ps </FONT><FONT color=#6959cf>-efa</FONT><FONT color=#6959cf> </FONT><B><FONT color=#a62828>|</FONT></B><FONT color=#6959cf> </FONT><B><FONT color=#a62828>grep</FONT></B><FONT color=#6959cf> mysql </FONT><B><FONT color=#a62828>|</FONT></B><FONT color=#6959cf> </FONT><B><FONT color=#a62828>grep</FONT></B><FONT color=#6959cf> </FONT><FONT color=#6959cf>-v</FONT><FONT color=#6959cf> </FONT><B><FONT color=#a62828>grep</FONT></B><FONT color=#6959cf> </FONT><B><FONT color=#a62828>|</FONT></B><FONT color=#6959cf> awk </FONT><B><FONT color=#a62828>'</FONT></B><FONT color=#ff00ff>{print $2}</FONT><B><FONT color=#a62828>'</FONT></B><FONT color=#6959cf>`</FONT>
                <B><FONT color=#a62828>;;</FONT></B>
        *<B><FONT color=#a62828>)</FONT></B>
                <B><FONT color=#a62828>echo</FONT></B><FONT color=#ff00ff> $</FONT><B><FONT color=#a62828>&quot;</FONT></B><FONT color=#ff00ff>Usage: </FONT><FONT color=#a620f7>$0</FONT><FONT color=#ff00ff> {start|stop}</FONT><B><FONT color=#a62828>&quot;</FONT></B>
                <B><FONT color=#a62828>exit</FONT></B> <FONT color=#ff00ff>1</FONT>
<B><FONT color=#a62828>esac</FONT></B>

<B><FONT color=#a62828>exit</FONT></B> <FONT color=#ff00ff>0</FONT>
</PRE>
</blockquote>

<p>If you are using MySQL 3:</p>

<blockquote>
<PRE>
<FONT color=#0000ff>#!/bin/sh</FONT>

<B><FONT color=#a62828>case</FONT></B> &quot;$1&quot; <B><FONT color=#a62828>in</FONT></B>
        start<B><FONT color=#a62828>)</FONT></B>
                <B><FONT color=#a62828>if</FONT></B> <B><FONT color=#a62828>(</FONT></B> <B><FONT color=#a62828>test</FONT></B> <B><FONT color=#a62828>!</FONT></B> <B><FONT color=#a62828>-d</FONT></B> <B><FONT color=#a62828>&quot;</FONT></B><FONT color=#ff00ff>/usr/local/mysql/var/mysql</FONT><B><FONT color=#a62828>&quot;</FONT></B> <B><FONT color=#a62828>)</FONT></B><B><FONT color=#a62828>;</FONT></B> <B><FONT color=#a62828>then</FONT></B>
                        /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db
                <B><FONT color=#a62828>fi</FONT></B>
                chown <B><FONT color=#a62828>-R</FONT></B> mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/var
                <B><FONT color=#a62828>chmod</FONT></B> <FONT color=#ff00ff>0755</FONT> /usr/local/mysql/var
                /usr/local/mysql/bin/safe_mysqld
                <B><FONT color=#a62828>;;</FONT></B>
        stop<B><FONT color=#a62828>)</FONT></B>
                <B><FONT color=#a62828>kill</FONT></B> <FONT color=#6959cf>`ps </FONT><FONT color=#6959cf>-efa</FONT><FONT color=#6959cf> </FONT><B><FONT color=#a62828>|</FONT></B><FONT color=#6959cf> </FONT><B><FONT color=#a62828>grep</FONT></B><FONT color=#6959cf> mysql </FONT><B><FONT color=#a62828>|</FONT></B><FONT color=#6959cf> </FONT><B><FONT color=#a62828>grep</FONT></B><FONT color=#6959cf> </FONT><FONT color=#6959cf>-v</FONT><FONT color=#6959cf> </FONT><B><FONT color=#a62828>grep</FONT></B><FONT color=#6959cf> </FONT><B><FONT color=#a62828>|</FONT></B><FONT color=#6959cf> awk </FONT><B><FONT color=#a62828>'</FONT></B><FONT color=#ff00ff>{print $2}</FONT><B><FONT color=#a62828>'</FONT></B><FONT color=#6959cf>`</FONT>
                <B><FONT color=#a62828>;;</FONT></B>
        *<B><FONT color=#a62828>)</FONT></B>
                <B><FONT color=#a62828>echo</FONT></B><FONT color=#ff00ff> $</FONT><B><FONT color=#a62828>&quot;</FONT></B><FONT color=#ff00ff>Usage: </FONT><FONT color=#a620f7>$0</FONT><FONT color=#ff00ff> {start|stop}</FONT><B><FONT color=#a62828>&quot;</FONT></B>
                <B><FONT color=#a62828>exit</FONT></B> <FONT color=#ff00ff>1</FONT>
<B><FONT color=#a62828>esac</FONT></B>

<B><FONT color=#a62828>exit</FONT></B> <FONT color=#ff00ff>0</FONT>
</PRE>
</blockquote>

<p>Install this script and run it with the "start" option to start up the
database.  Running it with the "stop" option shuts the database down.  To
access a database, it must be running.</p>

<a name="creating"></a>
<span class="heading1">Creating a Database</span><br>

<p>After installation, MySQL is ready to use but to do any useful work, you'll 
have to create a database.</p>

<p>The installation process creates a database named <i>mysql</i> containing
privileges and other housekeeping information and a <i>root</i> user which has 
no password.</p>

<p>The following commands give the <i>root</i> user the password 
<i>newpassword</i>.</p>

<blockquote>
<b>mysql -uroot -e "update user set password=password('newpassword') where user='root'" mysql</b><br>
<b>mysqladmin -uroot reload</b>
</blockquote>

<p>Though you can create tables in the <i>mysql</i> database, it's not a good 
idea.  You should create a new database.  The following command creates a 
database called <i>testdb</i>.</p>

<blockquote>
<b>mysqladmin -uroot -pnewpassword create testdb</b>
</blockquote>

<p>To create a user, log into the <i>mysql</i> database using the following 
command.</b>

<blockquote>
<b>mysql -uroot -pnewpassword mysql</b>
</blockquote>

<p>The following queries create a user called <i>testuser</i> with password 
<i>testpassword</i> and allows it to log in from the local machine or any 
remote host.</p>

<blockquote>
<PRE>
<B><FONT color=#a62828>insert</FONT></B> <FONT color=#6959cf>into</FONT> user (host,user,password) <FONT color=#6959cf>values</FONT> (<FONT color=#ff00ff>'localhost'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'testuser'</FONT>,password(<FONT color=#ff00ff>'testpassword'</FONT>));
<B><FONT color=#a62828>insert</FONT></B> <FONT color=#6959cf>into</FONT> user (host,user,password) <FONT color=#6959cf>values</FONT> (<FONT color=#ff00ff>'%'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'testuser'</FONT>,password(<FONT color=#ff00ff>'testpassword'</FONT>));
</PRE>
</blockquote>

<p>Once the user is created, it must be given database-specific priveleges.  The
following query gives <i>testuser</i> all privileges on the <i>testdb</i> 
database.</p>

<blockquote>
<PRE>
<B><FONT color=#a62828>insert</FONT></B> <FONT color=#6959cf>into</FONT> db <FONT color=#6959cf>values</FONT> (<FONT color=#ff00ff>'%'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'testdb'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'testuser'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'Y'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'Y'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'Y'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'Y'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'Y'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'Y'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'Y'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'Y'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'Y'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'Y'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'Y'</FONT>,
<FONT color=#ff00ff>'Y'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'Y'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'Y'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'Y'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'Y'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'Y'</FONT>);
</PRE>
</blockquote>

<p>Older versions of MySQL have fewer columns in the <i>db</i> table, if the
query above fails, try this one instead.</p>

<blockquote>
<PRE>
<B><FONT color=#a62828>insert</FONT></B> <FONT color=#6959cf>into</FONT> db <FONT color=#6959cf>values</FONT> (<FONT color=#ff00ff>'%'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'testdb'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'testuser'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'Y'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'Y'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'Y'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'Y'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'Y'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'Y'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'Y'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'Y'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'Y'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'Y'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'Y'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'Y'</FONT>);
</PRE>
</blockquote>

<p>Even older versions of MySQL have fewer columns than that in the <i>db</i>
table, if the above queries fail, try this one instead.</p>

<blockquote>
<PRE>
<B><FONT color=#a62828>insert</FONT></B> <FONT color=#6959cf>into</FONT> db <FONT color=#6959cf>values</FONT> (<FONT color=#ff00ff>'%'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'testdb'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'testuser'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'Y'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'Y'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'Y'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'Y'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'Y'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'Y'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'Y'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'Y'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'Y'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'Y'</FONT>);
</PRE>
</blockquote>

<p>Still older versions of MySQL have even fewer columns in the <i>db</i> table,
if the queries fail, try this one instead.</p>

<blockquote>
<PRE>
<B><FONT color=#a62828>insert</FONT></B> <FONT color=#6959cf>into</FONT> db <FONT color=#6959cf>values</FONT> (<FONT color=#ff00ff>'%'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'testdb'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'testuser'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'Y'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'Y'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'Y'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'Y'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'Y'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>'Y'</FONT>);
</PRE>
</blockquote>

<p>Exit the mysql client and run the following command to activate these 
changes.</p>

<blockquote>
<b>mysqladmin -uroot -pnewpassword reload</b>
</blockquote>

<p>To delete a user, log into the <i>mysql</i> database using the following 
command.</b>

<blockquote>
<b>mysql -uroot -pnewpassword mysql</b>
</blockquote>

<p>Delete the appropriate rows from the user and db tables.  The following 
queries remove the <i>testuser</i> user and all database-specific permissions 
that <i>testuser</i> had.</p>

<blockquote>
<PRE>
<B><FONT color=#a62828>DELETE</FONT></B> <FONT color=#6959cf>FROM</FONT> <FONT color=#6959cf>user</FONT> <FONT color=#6959cf>WHERE</FONT> <FONT color=#6959cf>user</FONT>=<FONT color=#ff00ff>'testuser'</FONT>;
<B><FONT color=#a62828>DELETE</FONT></B> <FONT color=#6959cf>FROM</FONT> <FONT color=#6959cf>db</FONT> <FONT color=#6959cf>WHERE</FONT> <FONT color=#6959cf>user</FONT>=<FONT color=#ff00ff>'testuser'</FONT>;
</PRE>
</blockquote>

<p>Exit the mysql client and run the following command to activate these 
changes.</p>

<blockquote>
<b>mysqladmin -uroot -pnewpassword reload</b>
</blockquote>

<p>If you want to drop the database, you can do so with the following 
command.</p>

<blockquote>
<b>mysqladmin -uroot -pnewpassword drop testdb</b>
</blockquote>

<p>This should be enough to get you started.  To set up more complex 
configurations, consult the MySQL 
<a href="http://www.mysql.com/documentation/mysql/bychapter/">online 
documentation</a>.</p>

<a name="accessing"></a>
<span class="heading1">Accessing a Database</span><br>

<p>Accessing a MySQL database using the <i>mysql</i> client tool is simple.  For
example, to access a database called <i>testdb</i> on the local machine as
the <i>testuser</i> user with password <i>testpassword</i>, use the following
command.</p>

<blockquote>
<b>mysql -utestuser -ptestpassword testdb</b>
</blockquote>

<p>If you want to access a database on a remote machine, say on 
<i>testhost</i>, use the -h option as follows.</p>

<blockquote>
<b>mysql -htesthost -utestuser -ptestpassword testdb</b>
</blockquote>

<p>Once you're connected to the database, the <i>mysql</i> client prompts you to
enter a query.  Queries may be split across multiple lines.  To run a query, 
end it with a semicolon or type \g on the next line.  To exit, type \q.</p>

<p>A sample <i>mysql</i> session follows.</p>

<blockquote>
<PRE>
[user@localhost user]$ <b>mysql -utestuser -ptestpassword testdb</b>
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5 to server version: 3.23.41

Type <FONT color=#ff00ff>'help;'</FONT> or <FONT color=#ff00ff>'\h'</FONT> for help. Type <FONT color=#ff00ff>'\c'</FONT> to clear the buffer.

mysql&gt; <B><FONT color=#a62828>create</FONT></B> <FONT color=#6959cf>table</FONT> testtable (
    -&gt; col1 <B><FONT color=#288a51>char</FONT></B>(<FONT color=#ff00ff>40</FONT>),
    -&gt; col2 <B><FONT color=#288a51>integer</FONT></B> 
    -&gt; );
Query OK, <FONT color=#ff00ff>0</FONT> rows affected (<FONT color=#ff00ff>0</FONT>.<FONT color=#ff00ff>00</FONT> sec)

mysql&gt; show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_testdb |
+------------------+
| testtable        |
+------------------+
<FONT color=#ff00ff>1</FONT> row in set (<FONT color=#ff00ff>0</FONT>.<FONT color=#ff00ff>00</FONT> sec)

mysql&gt; describe testtable;
+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type     | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| col1  | <B><FONT color=#288a51>char</FONT></B>(<FONT color=#ff00ff>40</FONT>) | YES  |     | <FONT color=#6959cf>NULL</FONT>    |       |
| col2  | int(<FONT color=#ff00ff>11</FONT>)  | YES  |     | <FONT color=#6959cf>NULL</FONT>    |       |
+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
<FONT color=#ff00ff>2</FONT> rows in set (<FONT color=#ff00ff>0</FONT>.<FONT color=#ff00ff>00</FONT> sec)

mysql&gt; <B><FONT color=#a62828>insert</FONT></B> <FONT color=#6959cf>into</FONT> testtable <FONT color=#6959cf>values</FONT> (<FONT color=#ff00ff>'hello'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>50</FONT>);
Query OK, <FONT color=#ff00ff>1</FONT> <FONT color=#6959cf>row</FONT> affected (<FONT color=#ff00ff>0</FONT>.<FONT color=#ff00ff>00</FONT> sec)

mysql&gt; <B><FONT color=#a62828>insert</FONT></B> <FONT color=#6959cf>into</FONT> testtable <FONT color=#6959cf>values</FONT> (<FONT color=#ff00ff>'hi'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>60</FONT>);
Query OK, <FONT color=#ff00ff>1</FONT> <FONT color=#6959cf>row</FONT> affected (<FONT color=#ff00ff>0</FONT>.<FONT color=#ff00ff>00</FONT> sec)

mysql&gt; <B><FONT color=#a62828>insert</FONT></B> <FONT color=#6959cf>into</FONT> testtable <FONT color=#6959cf>values</FONT> (<FONT color=#ff00ff>'bye'</FONT>,<FONT color=#ff00ff>70</FONT>);
Query OK, <FONT color=#ff00ff>1</FONT> <FONT color=#6959cf>row</FONT> affected (<FONT color=#ff00ff>0</FONT>.<FONT color=#ff00ff>00</FONT> sec)

mysql&gt; <B><FONT color=#a62828>select</FONT></B> * <FONT color=#6959cf>from</FONT> testtable;
+-------+------+
| col1  | col2 |
+-------+------+
| hello |   <FONT color=#ff00ff>50</FONT> |
| hi    |   <FONT color=#ff00ff>60</FONT> |
| bye   |   <FONT color=#ff00ff>70</FONT> |
+-------+------+
<FONT color=#ff00ff>3</FONT> rows in set (<FONT color=#ff00ff>0</FONT>.<FONT color=#ff00ff>00</FONT> sec)

mysql&gt; <B><FONT color=#a62828>update</FONT></B> testtable <B><FONT color=#a62828>set</FONT></B> col2=<FONT color=#ff00ff>0</FONT> <FONT color=#6959cf>where</FONT> col1=<FONT color=#ff00ff>'hi'</FONT>;
Query OK, <FONT color=#ff00ff>1</FONT> row affected (<FONT color=#ff00ff>0</FONT>.<FONT color=#ff00ff>00</FONT> sec)
Rows matched: <FONT color=#ff00ff>1</FONT>  Changed: <FONT color=#ff00ff>1</FONT>  Warnings: <FONT color=#ff00ff>0</FONT>

mysql&gt; <B><FONT color=#a62828>select</FONT></B> * <FONT color=#6959cf>from</FONT> testtable;
+-------+------+
| col1  | col2 |
+-------+------+
| hello |   <FONT color=#ff00ff>50</FONT> |
| hi    |    <FONT color=#ff00ff>0</FONT> |
| bye   |   <FONT color=#ff00ff>70</FONT> |
+-------+------+
<FONT color=#ff00ff>3</FONT> rows in set (<FONT color=#ff00ff>0</FONT>.<FONT color=#ff00ff>00</FONT> sec)

mysql&gt; <B><FONT color=#a62828>delete</FONT></B> <FONT color=#6959cf>from</FONT> testtable <FONT color=#6959cf>where</FONT> col2=<FONT color=#ff00ff>50</FONT>;
Query OK, <FONT color=#ff00ff>1</FONT> row affected (<FONT color=#ff00ff>0</FONT>.<FONT color=#ff00ff>00</FONT> sec)

mysql&gt; <B><FONT color=#a62828>select</FONT></B> * <FONT color=#6959cf>from</FONT> testtable;
+------+------+
| col1 | col2 |
+------+------+
| hi   |    <FONT color=#ff00ff>0</FONT> |
| bye  |   <FONT color=#ff00ff>70</FONT> |
+------+------+
<FONT color=#ff00ff>2</FONT> rows in set (<FONT color=#ff00ff>0</FONT>.<FONT color=#ff00ff>00</FONT> sec)

mysql&gt; <B><FONT color=#a62828>drop</FONT></B> <FONT color=#6959cf>table</FONT> testtable;
Query OK, <FONT color=#ff00ff>0</FONT> rows affected (<FONT color=#ff00ff>0</FONT>.<FONT color=#ff00ff>00</FONT> sec)

mysql&gt; \q
Bye

</PRE>
</blockquote>

<a name="sqlrelay"></a>
<span class="heading1">Accessing a Database With SQL Relay</span><br>

<p>Accessing MySQL from SQL Relay requires an instance entry in your 
<i>sqlrelay.conf</i> file for the database that you want 
to access.  Here is an example <i>sqlrelay.conf</i> which defines an SQL Relay 
instance called mysqltest.  This instance connects to the <i>testdb</i> 
database on the local machine as the user <i>testuser</i> with password 
<i>testpassword</i>.</p>

<PRE>
<FONT color=#0000ff>&lt;?</FONT><B><FONT color=#288a51>xml version=</FONT></B><FONT color=#ff00ff>&quot;1.0&quot;</FONT><FONT color=#0000ff>?&gt;</FONT>
<FONT color=#008a8e>&lt;!</FONT><B><FONT color=#a62828>DOCTYPE</FONT></B> instances <B><FONT color=#a62828>SYSTEM</FONT></B> <FONT color=#ff00ff>&quot;sqlrelay.dtd&quot;</FONT><FONT color=#008a8e>&gt;</FONT>
<FONT color=#008a8e>&lt;instances&gt;</FONT>

        <FONT color=#008a8e>&lt;instance id=</FONT><FONT color=#ff00ff>&quot;mysqltest&quot;</FONT><FONT color=#008a8e> port=</FONT><FONT color=#ff00ff>&quot;9000&quot;</FONT><FONT color=#008a8e> socket=</FONT><FONT color=#ff00ff>&quot;/tmp/mysqltest.socket&quot;</FONT><FONT color=#008a8e> dbase=</FONT><FONT color=#ff00ff>&quot;mysql&quot;</FONT><FONT color=#008a8e> connections=</FONT><FONT color=#ff00ff>&quot;3&quot;</FONT><FONT color=#008a8e> maxconnections=</FONT><FONT color=#ff00ff>&quot;5&quot;</FONT><FONT color=#008a8e> maxqueuelength=</FONT><FONT color=#ff00ff>&quot;0&quot;</FONT><FONT color=#008a8e> growby=</FONT><FONT color=#ff00ff>&quot;1&quot;</FONT><FONT color=#008a8e> ttl=</FONT><FONT color=#ff00ff>&quot;60&quot;</FONT><FONT color=#008a8e> endofsession=</FONT><FONT color=#ff00ff>&quot;commit&quot;</FONT><FONT color=#008a8e> sessiontimeout=</FONT><FONT color=#ff00ff>&quot;600&quot;</FONT><FONT color=#008a8e> runasuser=</FONT><FONT color=#ff00ff>&quot;nobody&quot;</FONT><FONT color=#008a8e> runasgroup=</FONT><FONT color=#ff00ff>&quot;nobody&quot;</FONT><FONT color=#008a8e> cursors=</FONT><FONT color=#ff00ff>&quot;5&quot;</FONT><FONT color=#008a8e> authtier=</FONT><FONT color=#ff00ff>&quot;listener&quot;</FONT><FONT color=#008a8e> handoff=</FONT><FONT color=#ff00ff>&quot;pass&quot;</FONT><FONT color=#008a8e>&gt;</FONT>
                <FONT color=#008a8e>&lt;users&gt;</FONT>
                        <FONT color=#008a8e>&lt;user user=</FONT><FONT color=#ff00ff>&quot;mysqltest&quot;</FONT><FONT color=#008a8e> password=</FONT><FONT color=#ff00ff>&quot;mysqltest&quot;</FONT><FONT color=#008a8e>/&gt;</FONT>
                <FONT color=#008a8e>&lt;/users&gt;</FONT>
                <FONT color=#008a8e>&lt;connections&gt;</FONT>
                        <FONT color=#008a8e>&lt;connection connectionid=</FONT><FONT color=#ff00ff>&quot;mysqltest&quot;</FONT><FONT color=#008a8e> string=</FONT><FONT color=#ff00ff>&quot;user=testuser;password=testpassword;db=testdb&quot;</FONT><FONT color=#008a8e> metric=</FONT><FONT color=#ff00ff>&quot;1&quot;</FONT><FONT color=#008a8e>/&gt;</FONT>
                <FONT color=#008a8e>&lt;/connections&gt;</FONT>
        <FONT color=#008a8e>&lt;/instance&gt;</FONT>

<FONT color=#008a8e>&lt;/instances&gt;</FONT>
</PRE>

<p>If you want to connect to a database on a remote machine, say on 
<i>testhost</i>, you would need to add <i>host=testhost;</i> to the string 
attribute of the connection tag.</p>

<p>Now you can start up this instance with the following command.</p>

<blockquote>
<b>sqlr-start -id mysqltest</b>
</blockquote>

<p>To connect to the instance and run queries, use the following command.</p>

<blockquote>
<b>sqlrsh -id mysqltest</b>
</blockquote>

<p>The following command shuts down the SQL Relay instance.</p>

<blockquote>
<b>sqlr-stop mysqltest</b>
</blockquote>

<a name="quirks"></a>
<span class="heading1">MySQL Quirks</span><br>

<p>Most versions of MySQL don't support transactions, but some do.  If you're
using MySQL-max or if you built MySQL with Innodb support, then you have the
option of running MySQL with support for transactions.</p>

<p>MySQL does not support foreign key constraints.  For example, take the
following table declarations:</p>

<blockquote>
<pre>
<font color="#a02828"><b>create</b></font> <font color="#6858c8">table</font> cars (
        car_id  int     <font color="#a02828"><b>not</b></font> <font color="#6858c8">null</font>,
        ...
);

<font color="#a02828"><b>create</b></font> <font color="#6858c8">table</font> carkeys (
        carkey_id  int     <font color="#a02828"><b>not</b></font> <font color="#6858c8">null</font>,
        ...
);

<font color="#a02828"><b>create</b></font> <font color="#6858c8">table</font> keys_of_cars (
        car_id  int     <font color="#a02828"><b>not</b></font> <font color="#6858c8">null</font>,
        carkey_id  int     <font color="#a02828"><b>not</b></font> <font color="#6858c8">null</font>,
        ...
        foreign key (car_id) references cars (car_id),
        foreign key (carkey_id) references carkeys (carkey_id)
);
</pre>
</blockquote>

<p>In many other databases, attempting to insert car_id's and carkey_id's into
the keys_of_cars table will fail unless those car_id's and carkey_id's exist in
the cars and carkeys tables respectively.  Under MySQL, this will not fail.</p>

<p>What's quirky about MySQL is that it allows the foreign key syntax, but
ignores it.  Other databases that don't support foreign keys don't allow the
syntax either.</p>

</body>

</html>
